Environmental science

Mammals are a special group of animals with a combination of characteristics that separate them from all others: mammals are warm-blooded, have hair or fur, breathe air through lungs, bear live young, and nurse their young with milk produced by mammary glands. Marine mammals are similar to all other mammals. but they have adapted to living all or part of their life in the ocean. To keep warm in the ocean, most of them depend on a thick layer of blubber (or fat). They have streamlined bodies to help them swim faster. There are five groups of marine mammals: pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, fur seals, and walruses), cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises), sea otters, sirenians (dugongs and manatees),

and polar bears.

Zero liquid discharge

· Zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) is a water treatment process in which all wastewater is purified and recycled; therefore, leaving zero discharge at the end of the treatment cycle. ZLD is an advanced wastewater treatment method that includes ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, evaporation/crystallization and fractional electrode-ionization.

· Economic benefits gained by the adoption of ZLD technology is also significant and notable. All water can be recycled in a scientific manner so that it can be reused. Then the recycled water can be sold to end users. Even farmers may be able to use this treated industrial wastewater for irrigation.

Activated charcoal is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. It is used in It is very widely employed for purification of electroplating solutions. For example, it is a main purification technique for removing organic impurities from bright nickel plating solutions.

Activated carbon treatment also removes impurities during electroplating process and restores plating performance to the desired level.

Statement 2: Carbon adsorption has numerous applications in removing pollutants from air or water streams both in the field and in industrial processes such as: Spill cleanup; Groundwater remediation; Drinking water filtration; Air purification; and Volatile organic compounds capture from painting, dry cleaning, gasoline dispensing operations, and other processes.

Statement 3: Activated carbon (charcoal) is an allowed substance used by organic farmers in both livestock production and wine making. In livestock production it is used as a pesticide, animal feed additive, processing aid, non-agricultural ingredient and disinfectant

REDD+
The United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation in Developing Countries was launched in 2008.
Statement 2: The UN-REDD Programme supports nationally led REDD+ processes and promotes the informed and meaningful involvement of all stakeholders, including indigenous peoples and other
forest-dependent communities, in the implementation of REDD+ activities agreed under the UNFCCC.
Statement 3: The overall development goal of the Programme is to reduce forest emissions and enhance carbon stocks in forests while contributing to national sustainable development.
The Programme has expanded steadily since its establishment and over 60 countries spanning Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America are now partners.
Learning: It supports partner countries through:
• Direct support to the design and implementation of National REDD+ Programmes;
• Complementary tailored support to national REDD+ actions; and
• Technical capacity building support through sharing of expertise, common approaches, analyses, methodologies, tools, data, best practices and facilitated South-South knowledge sharing.