ASSAM

GAMOCHA
It is one of the most easily recognizable cultural symbols of
the Assamese people.
• The Gamocha, a white rectangular piece of cotton hand woven
cloth with primarily a red border on three sides and red woven
motifs on the fourth (in addition to red, other colors are also used)
is put to many uses.
• It is also hung around the neck at the prayer hall and thrown over
the shoulder to signify social status or respect.
• Gamochas, also known as bihuwaans, are offered during Bihu as a
token of love.
• Significantly the gamocha is used equally by all, irrespective of
religious and ethnic backgrounds (see image below).


Bhor Tal Nritya
• It is an extension of Sankari culture. Six to ten dancers equipped
with cyrnbols perform this dance to the first bit of '7hiya Nom" and
produces a good number of attractive formations displaying the
symbols.
• The dance can be seen during festive occasions in and around
Barpeta and Guwahati.

Ahom people
They migrated to Brahmaputra valley from Myanmar and not Bhutan. Mughals attacked them in 1662 under the leadership of Mir Jumla and defeated them but Mughals control didn’t last for long. Sukaphaa and his followers established the Ahom kingdom (1228–1826) and the Ahom dynasty ruled and expanded the kingdom until the British gained control of the region through the Treaty of Yandabo upon winning the First Anglo-Burmese War in 1826

TRIBES IN INDIA

The list of Scheduled Tribes is State / UT
specific and a community declared as a Scheduled
Tribe in a State need not be so in another State / UT.
The essential characteristics, first laid down by the
Lokur Committee, for a community to be identified
as Scheduled Tribes are:
● indications of primitive traits;
● distinctive culture;
● shyness of contact with the community at
large;
● geographical isolation; and
● backwardness.

note- These criteria are not spelt out in the
Constitution

there are
certain Scheduled Tribes, 75 in number known
as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (earlier
termed as Primitive Tribal Groups) (PVTGs), who
are characterised by:
a) pre-agriculture level of technology;
b) stagnant or declining population;
c) extremely low literacy; and
d) subsistence level of economy.

Sl. No. State
% of STs to total ST
population in india
1 Madhya Pradesh 14.69
2 Maharashtra 10.08

State of Odisha has the largest number
of communities listed as Scheduled Tribes i.e. 62
(sixty two)


Scheduling and De-scheduling of Tribes:
5.9 The term “Scheduled Tribes” is defined
in Article 366 (25) of the Constitution as “such
tribes or tribal communities or parts of, or groups
within such tribes, or tribal communities as are
deemed under Article 342 to be Scheduled Tribes
for the purposes of this Constitution”. Article 342
prescribes the procedure to be followed in the matter
of specification of Scheduled Tribes.
5.10 Under Clause (1) of Article 342, the President
may, with respect to any State or Union Territory,
and where it is a State, after consultation with the
Governor thereof, notify tribes or tribal communities
or parts of these as Scheduled Tribes. This confers on
the tribe, or part of it, a Constitutional status invoking
the safeguards provided for in the Constitution, to
these communities in their respective States/UTs.
5.11 Clause (2) of the Article empowers the
Parliament to pass a law to include in or exclude
from the list of Scheduled Tribes, any tribe or tribal
community or parts of these.
5.12 Thus, the first specification of a community
as Scheduled Tribe in relation to a particular State/
Union Territory is by a notified order of the President,
after consultation with the State Governments/UTs
concerned. A list of Orders / Acts specifying the
Scheduled Tribes in relation to the States and the
Union Territories is given in Annexure-5A. The
Presidential Orders have been amended by an Acts
of Parliament.

van bandhu kalyan yojana

VKY a strategic process. It aims at creating enabling environment for need based and outcome oriented holistic development of the tribal people.This process envisages to ensure that all the intended benefits of goods and services under various programmes/schemes of Central as well as State Governments actually reach the target groups by convergence of resources through appropriate institut ional mechanism.

Scope

It covers all tribal people and all areas with tribal population across the country.

Objectives

• Improving the quality of life in tribal areas
• Improving the quality of education
• Qualitative and sustainable employment for tribal families
• Bridging infrastructure gaps with focus on quality
• Protection of tribal culture and heritage

IMO Convention

IMO Convention

International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
For safety of merchant ships. The main objective of the SOLAS Convention is to specify minimum standards for the construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with their safety

"Goal-based standards" for oil tankers and bulk carriers were adopted in 2010, requiring new ships to be designed and constructed for a specified design life and to be safe and environmentally friendly, in intact and specified damage conditions, throughout their life.
All passenger ships and all cargo ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards on international voyages are required to carry equipment designed to improve the chances of rescue following an accident, including satellite emergency position indicating radio beacons (EPIRBs) and search and rescue transponders (SARTs) for the location of the ship or survival craft.
all types of cargo (except liquids and gases in bulk) "which, owing to their particular hazards to ships or persons on board, may require special precautions

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) 

The Convention includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution from ships - both accidental pollution and that from routine operations
Annex I Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil ( new oil tankers to have double hulls)
Annex II Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk 
Annex III Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form 
Annex IV Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships
Annex V Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships
Annex VI Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships

International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW)

Manila Amendments
The most significant amendments are:
New rest hours for seafarers
New grades of certificates of competence for Able seaman in both deck and engine
New and updated training, refreshing requirements
Mandatory security training
Additional medical standards
Specific Alcohol limits in blood or breath.

conventions relating to maritime safety and security and ship/port interface

Athens Convention- The Convention establishes a regime of liability for damage suffered by passengers carried on a seagoing vessel. It declares a carrier liable for damage or loss suffered by a passenger if the incident causing the damage occurred in the course of the carriage and was due to the fault or neglect of the carrier.
The 1976 Protocol made the unit of account the Special Drawing Right (SDR), replacing the "Poincaré franc", based on the "official" value of gold, as the applicable unit of account.

loss suffered as a result of death or personal injury to a passenger caused by:
war, civil war, revolution, rebellion, insurrection, or civil strife arising therefrom, or any hostile act by or against a belligerent power;
capture, seizure, arrest, restraint or detainment, and the consequences thereof or any attempt thereat; 
derelict mines, torpedoes, bombs or other derelict weapons of war; 
act of any terrorist or any person acting maliciously or from a political motive and any action taken to prevent or counter any such risk; confiscation and expropriation.

London Convention- Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter. 
It covers the deliberate disposal at sea of wastes or other matter from vessels, aircraft, and platforms. It does not cover discharges from land-based sources such as pipes and outfalls, wastes generated incidental to normal operation of vessels, or placement of materials for purposes other than mere disposal, providing such disposal is not contrary to aims of the Convention

It follows a "black list/grey list" approach to regulating ocean dumping; Annex I materials (black list) generally may not be ocean dumped (though for certain Annex I materials dumping may be permissible if present only as "trace contaminants" or "rapidly rendered harmless" and Annex II materials (grey list) require "special care". Annex III lays out general technical factors to be considered in establishing criteria for issuance of ocean dumping permits.

The main objective of the London Convention is to prevent indiscriminate disposal at sea of wastes that could be liable for creating hazards to human health; harming living resources and marine life; damaging amenities; or interfering with other legitimate uses of the sea. ("all marine waters other than the internal waters" of the States).

India is not a party to this convention.
Bunker Convention-​The Convention was adopted to ensure that adequate, prompt, and effective compensation is available to persons who suffer damage caused by spills of oil, when carried as fuel in ships' bunkers.
The Convention applies to damage caused on the territory, including the territorial sea, and in exclusive economic zones of States Parties. 
"Pollution damage" means:
(a) loss or damage caused outside the ship by contamination resulting from the escape or discharge of bunker oil from the ship, wherever such escape or discharge may occur, provided that compensation for impairment of the environment other than loss of profit from such impairment shall be limited to costs of reasonable measures of reinstatement actually undertaken or to be undertaken; and
(b) the costs of preventive measures and further loss or damage caused by preventive measures.

Another key provision is the requirement for direct action - this would allow a claim for compensation for pollution damage to be brought directly against an insurer

Hong Kong Convention- An Inventory of Hazardous Materials is one of the requirements of the Hong Kong convention for the 'safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships'. The Hong Kong Convention has been designed to try to improve the health and safety of current ship breaking practices. India, Bangladesh, China, and Pakistan holding the largest ship breaking yards.
All vessels over 500 gross tonnes (GT) that are in commercial service (the convention does not apply to warships or naval auxiliary or ships operating their whole life only in waters subject to the sovereignty or jurisdiction of the State whose flag the ship is entitled to fly) will have to comply with the convention once it comes into force. Each party that does wish to comply must restrict the use of hazardous materials on all ships that fly the flag of that party.

Nairobi Convention- The Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks, 2007, was adopted by an international conference held in Kenya in 2007. the Convention will provide the legal basis for States to remove, or have removed, shipwrecks that may have the potential to affect adversely the safety of lives, goods and property at sea, as well as the marine environment.
1. The principal region of the Convention is the Western Indian Ocean, particularly the Eastern and Southern Africa region
2. Addresses land-based pollution 
3. Addresses pollution from seabed activities 
4. Addresses pollution from transboundary movement of hazardous materials
5. Addresses Airborne pollution
6. Addresses the importance of biological diversity.
7. Calls for scientific and technological cooperation between the parties

last minute revision

Last minute revision

1.East African Community (EAC) – composed of 5 countries in the African Great Lakes region in eastern Africa: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda

2.Lake Victoria: surrounded by three countries,Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda

3.Arunachal Pradesh,Hydroelectric project that was banned.

Tawang HEP(Nymang Chhu River ) due to blacknecked crane-- IUCN VULNERABLE included under WPA1972 Section 1. It is migratory bird from tibet to Ar.P during winter

4.Agasthyamala biosphere reserve

includes pepara, senduranney,Neyyar, and Satya mangalam Tiger reserve

Kanikaran tribe

5. restructuring of CSS at least remember core of the core

core of core- 

1. MGNREGA

2. National Social Assistance Program (For Senior citizens, widows etc.)

3. Umbrella Scheme for SC (All schemes for SC in one)

4. Umbrella Scheme for ST (All schemes for ST in one)

5. Umbrella Scheme for OBC (All schemes for OBC in one)

6. Umbrella Scheme for Minorities (All schemes for Minorities in one)

Optional Schemes: (Because all states don't need them)

1. Border Area Development Program

2. National River Conservation Plan

3. Shyama Prasad Mukharjee RURBAN Mission

As per the new system, the Core of the Core schemes will retain their expenditure allocation framework. For example, MGNREGA had 75 per cent of the material expenditure from the Centre and 25 per cent from the states.

The Core schemes will have a 60:40 formula, while the Optional schemes will have a 50:50 formula, with the states having the flexibility to decide whether to invest in these or not.

6.

Food Safety and Standards Authority of India

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India has been established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 as a statutory body

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India is the Administrative Ministry for the implementation of FSSAI.

FSSAI has been created for laying down science based standards for articles of food and to regulate their manufacture, storage, distribution, sale and import to ensure availability of safe and wholesome food for human consumption

7.MISSION FUNDED BY WORLD BANK

Neeranchal National Watershed Project *

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan(SSA)

Ajeevika - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) *

Nai Manzil - Education and Skills Training for Minorities

Eastern dedicated freight corridor

8.Budget provisions for farmers

First, ‘Pashudhan Sanjivani’, an animal wellness programme and provision of Animal Health Cards (‘Nakul Swasthya Patra’). 

Second, an advanced breeding technology. 

Third, Creation of E-Pashudhan Haat, an e market portal for connecting breeders and farmers. 

Fourth, a National Genomic Centre for indigenous breeds.  

Unified Agricultural Marketing E Platform will be dedicated to the Nation

‘Parmparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana’ for  bringing 5 lakh acres of rain fed areas under organic farming.

dedicated Long Term Irrigation Fund in NABARD with an initial corpus of Rs. 20,000 crore.

Double farm income by 2022- Committee under Ashok Dalwai constituted

9. Naval bASES

Indian Navy has its major operational bases in Visakhapatnam, Mumbai, Kochi and Chennai. In 2005, the Indian Navy commissioned INS Kadamba at Karwar, 100 km from Goa. The base is the first to be controlled exclusively by the Navy without sharing port facilities with commercial shipping. Built under phase I of theProject Seabird, it is the largest naval base in the region.^[92] The Indian Navy also has berthing rights in Oman and Vietnam.^[93] The navy operates INS Kattabomman, a VLF and ELF transmission facility at Vijayanarayanapuram near Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu.

10.The Komagata MarU was a Japanese steamship that sailed from Hong Kong to Vancouver, Canada via Japan in May, 1914. It was carrying 376 passengers who were immigrants from Punjab, India. Of these, only 24 were granted admittance in Canada when the ship docked in Vancouver. At that time, Canada had laws restricting entry of migrants of Asian origin. Following a two month stalemate, the ship and its 352 passengers were escorted out of the dock by the Canadian military and forced to sail back to India. The ship returned to Calcutta on 27 September and was stopped by the British. The passengers were put under guard and the ship was allowed to dock in Budge Budge, Calcutta. The British believed that the passengers were law breakers and political agitators. When the police sought to arrest the persons it viewed as leaders of the group, there was resistance and a riot ensued. The police fired shots and 19 passengers were killed. Baba Gurdit Singh, who was one of the persons the British wanted to arrest, escaped with some other persons. Most of the remaining passengers were either arrested or sent back to Punjab. Baba Gurdit Singh later surrendered to the police

11. MCLR Vs Base rate

The Reserve Bank of India has issued new guidelines for setting lending rate (on loans) by commercial banks under the name Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate (MCLR). It will replace the existing base rate system from April 2016 onwards.

12.Salma Dam, officially the Afghan-India Friendship Dam, is a hydroelectric and irrigation dam project located on the Hari Rive

India's only foreign airbase is located in Tajikistan, at Farkhor on the Tajik–Afghan border

13.INDC

Reduce emission intensity by 33 to 35 per cent by 2030 compared to 2005 levels

How:

Introduce new, more efficient and cleaner technologies in thermal power generation

Reducing emissions from transportation sector

Promote energy efficiency, mainly in industry, transportation, buildings and appliances

Develop climate resilient infrastructure

Pursue Zero Effect, Zero Defect policy under Make in India programme

Produce 40 per cent of electricity from non-fossil fuel based energy resources by 2030, if international community helps with technology transfer and low cost finance.

How:

Install 175 GW of solar, wind and biomass electricity by 2022, and scale up further in following years

Aggressively pursue development of hydropower

Achieve the target of 63 GW of installed nuclear power capacity by 2032

Create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2030 through additional forest and tree cover.

How:

Full implementation of Green India Mission and other programmes of afforestation

Develop 140,000 km long tree line on both sides of national highways

Develop robust adaptation strategies for agriculture, water and health sectors

How:

Redesign National Water Mission and National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture

Active implementation of ongoing programmes like National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture, setting up of 100 mobile soil-testing laboratories, distribution of soil health cards to farmers.

Additional impetus on watershed development through Neeranchal scheme

Effective implementation of National Mission on Clean Ganga

Early formulation and implementation of National Health Mission

Complete Integrated Coastal Zone Management plan. Mapping and demarcation of coastal hazard lines

14.The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial branch of the United Nations (UN). Seated in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, the court settles legal disputes submitted to it by states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international branches, agencies, and the UN General Assembly.
15 judges
five judges elected every three years to ensure continuity within the court.
No two judges may be nationals of the same countrySeats Distribution
Seats will be distributed by geographic regions so that there are 
Five seats for Western countries, 
Three for African states
Two for Eastern European states, 
Three for Asian states and
Two for Latin American and Caribbean states

Muddiman Committee October 25, 20111 Comment To meet the demand of the Indian Leaders and in view of the resolution adopted by Swaraj Party in early 1920s, the British Government had set up a committee under Sir Alexander Muddiman (Muddiman Committee), along with 4 Indian members, to go into the provisions of the Government of India Act 1919 and pinpoint the defects. 
The members were: Sir Sivaswami Aiyar Dr. R P Paranjape Sir Tejbahadur Sapru 4. Mohammad Ali Jinnah

SECC 2011 has three census components which were conducted by three separate authorities,^[40] but under the overall coordination of Department of Rural Development in the Government of India:

• Census in Rural Area has been conducted by the Department of Rural Development.
• Census in Urban areas is under the administrative jurisdiction of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation.
• Caste Census is under the administrative control of Ministry of Home Affairs: Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.

CENSUS

The Census organisation functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs of the Government of India. 

RLV-TD

 

Reusable Launch Vehicle – Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD) is one of the most technologically challenging endeavors of ISRO towards developing essential technologies for a fully reusable launch vehicle to enable low cost access to space. The configuration of RLV-TD is similar to that of an aircraft and combines the complexity of both launch vehicles and aircraft. The winged RLV-TD has been configured to act as a flying test bed to evaluate various technologies, namely, hypersonic flight, autonomous landing and powered cruise flight. In future, this vehicle will be scaled up to become the first stage of India’s reusable two stage orbital launch vehicle.

RLV-TD consists of a fuselage (body), a nose cap, double delta wings and twin vertical tails. It also features symmetrically placed active control surfaces called Elevons and Rudder. This technology demonstrator was boosted to Mach no: 5 by a conventional solid booster (HS9) designed for low burn rate.  The selection of materials like special alloys, composites and insulation materials for developing an RLV-TD and the crafting of its parts is very complex and demands highly skilled manpower. Many high technology machinery and test equipment were utilised for building this vehicle.

Objectives of RLV-TD:

• Hypersonic aero thermodynamic characterisation of wing body
• Evaluation of autonomous Navigation, Guidance and Control (NGC) schemes
• Integrated flight management
• Thermal Protection System Evaluation

REPORT-Global Education Monitoring Report 

Developed by an independent team and published by UNESCO, the EFA Global Monitoring Report is a reference that aims to sustain commitment towards Education for All.

Six internationally agreed education goals aim to meet the learning needs of all children ... Dakar Framework for Action,

As of 1 January 2016, the EFA Global Monitoring Report has become the Global Education Monitoring Report (GEM Report), with a new mandate to monitor the new sustainable development goal on education (SDG 4)

The Bogor Goals are a set of targeted goals for realizing free and open trade in the Asia-Pacific(APEC)

fastest growing economies - myanmar>ivory coast>bhutan>india>iraq

The Indira Gandhi Prize or the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize or the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development is the prestigious award accorded annually by India to individuals or organizations in recognition of creative efforts toward promoting international peace, development and a new international economic order; ensuring that scientific discoveries are used for the larger good of humanity, and enlarging the scope of freedom

2015- UNCHR

BARATHANATYAM

Nritta can be broadly divided into Chari, Karana, Angahara and Mandala. Movement of a leg is called Chari.

108 karanas as the building blocks to the art of dance.

SACON-The Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) is a national centre for information, education and research inornithology and natural history in India. It was inspired by and named in honour of Salim Ali, the leading pioneer of ornithology in India. It is an autonomous organisation established in 1990 and registered under the Indian Societies Registration Act. Its headquarters are at Anaikatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. SACON is associated with the Ministry of Environment and Forests^[1] SACON's mission is:

"To help conserve India’s biodiversity and its sustainable use through research, education and peoples’ participation, with birds at the centre stage".

Deepak Mohanty(Financial Inclusion),

Tapan Ray ( Companies Act), 

Ashok Dalwani- double farmers income

WHAT IS BLUE CARBON?

Blue carbon is the carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems. The Blue Carbon Initiative currently focuses on carbon in coastal ecosystems - mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrasses. These ecosystems sequester and store large quantities of blue carbon in both the plants and the sediment below. For example, over 95% of the carbon in seagrass meadows is stored in the soils*.
WHERE IS IT?

The Blue Carbon Initiative focuses on mangroves, salt marshes and seagrasses, which are found on every continent except Antarctica. These coastal ecosystems cover between 13.8 and 15.2 million hectares (Mha), 2.2 and 40 Mha, and 17.7 and 60 Mha, respectively. Combined, these ecosystems cover approximately 49 Mha

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

• When protected or restored, blue carbon ecosystems sequester and store carbon.
• When degraded or destroyed, these ecosystems emit the carbon they have stored for centuries into the atmosphere and oceans and become sources of greenhouse gases. Experts estimate that as much as 1.02 billion tons of carbon dioxide are being released annually from degraded coastal ecosystems, which is equivalent to 19% of emissions from tropical deforestation globally*.
• Mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrasses are critical along the world's coasts, supporting coastal water quality, healthy fisheries, and coastal protection against floods and storms. For example, mangroves are estimated to be worth at least US$1.6 billion each year in ecosystem services that support coastal livelihoods and human populations around the world*.

he doctrine of colourable legislation says that what a legislature cannot do directly, it cannot do indirectly either. That is, it cannot exceed its competence in the garb of extraordinary purpose. The doctrine of territorial nexus says that the object to which the law applies need not be physically located within the territorial boundaries of the state, but must have a sufficient territorial connection with the state.

The doctrine of territorial nexus says that the object to which the law applies need not be physically located within the territorial boundaries of the state, but must have a sufficient territorial connection with the state.

Doctrine of eminent domain says that the Government can acquire any private property for a public purpose.

Doctrine of occupied field says that the federal government can occupy a particular area of legislation without leaving any scope for the provincial government. For example, in the concurrent list of Indian Constitution.